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Kolmogorov Complexity vs. Computational Irreducibility: Understanding the Distinction
Community Essay James K. Wiles Community Essay James K. Wiles

Kolmogorov Complexity vs. Computational Irreducibility: Understanding the Distinction

James K. Wiles

Kolmogorov complexity and computational irreducibility describe two kinds of limits on simplification, but they apply in different ways. Kolmogorov complexity measures the shortest possible description of an object, such as a string. Computational irreducibility refers to processes that cannot be predicted or accelerated. This paper introduces each concept, explains their theoretical distinction, and illustrates the difference using simple examples.

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On the Nature of Time
Computational Essay Stephen Wolfram Computational Essay Stephen Wolfram

On the Nature of Time

Stephen Wolfram

Time is a central feature of human experience. But what actually is it? In traditional scientific accounts it’s often represented as some kind of coordinate much like space (though a coordinate that for some reason is always systematically increasing for us). But while this may be a useful mathematical description, it’s not telling us anything about what time in a sense “intrinsically is”.

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On the Concept of Motion
Computational Essay Stephen Wolfram Computational Essay Stephen Wolfram

On the Concept of Motion

Stephen Wolfram

It seems like the kind of question that might have been hotly debated by ancient philosophers, but would have been settled long ago: how is it that things can move? And indeed with the view of physical space that’s been almost universally adopted for the past two thousand years it’s basically a non-question. As crystallized by the likes of Euclid it’s been assumed that space is ultimately just a kind of “geometrical background” into which any physical thing can be put—and then moved around.

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