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Ruliology: Linking Computation, Observers and Physical Law
Research Paper Xerxes D. Arsiwalla Research Paper Xerxes D. Arsiwalla

Ruliology: Linking Computation, Observers and Physical Law

Dean Rickles, Hatem Elshatlawy, Xerxes D. Arsiwalla

Physical laws arise from the sampling of the Ruliad by observers (including us). This naturally leads to several conceptual issues, such as what kind of object is the Ruliad? What is the nature of the observers carrying out the sampling, and how do they relate to the Ruliad itself? What is the precise nature of the sampling? This paper provides a philosophical examination of these questions, and other related foundational issues, including the identification of a limitation that must face any attempt to describe or model reality in such a way that the modeller-observers are included.

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The Concept of the Ruliad
Computational Essay Stephen Wolfram Computational Essay Stephen Wolfram

The Concept of the Ruliad

Stephen Wolfram

I call it the ruliad. Think of it as the entangled limit of everything that is computationally possible: the result of following all possible computational rules in all possible ways. It’s yet another surprising construct that’s arisen from our Physics Project. And it’s one that I think has extremely deep implications—both in science and beyond.

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Multicomputation with Numbers: The Case of Simple Multiway Systems
Computational Essay Stephen Wolfram Computational Essay Stephen Wolfram

Multicomputation with Numbers: The Case of Simple Multiway Systems

Stephen Wolfram

Multicomputation is an important new paradigm, but one that can be quite difficult to understand. Here my goal is to discuss a minimal example: multiway systems based on numbers. Many general multicomputational phenomena will show up here in simple forms (though others will not). And the involvement of numbers will often allow us to make immediate use of traditional mathematical methods.

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